Who really cares about Kiva loans? The difference between Kiva and MFI loans

27 February 2010 at 10:00 5 comments

by Carlos Cruz Montaño, KF10, Guatemala

There’s differing opinions and many comments on the default protection policy where partners will no longer be able to guarantee Kiva loans (see posts by Claude Mansell and Nicky Goh), many of you Kiva Lenders are worried this move will greatly affect your portfolio and that MFIs will not care as much about delinquency and default in Kiva loans, but I ask… are you alone?

Of course these are valid concerns. While you are a very important part of the Kiva supply chain, there are many shareholders and stakeholders in the microfinance chain. In my case at ASDIR, I can mention a few: loan officers, branch managers, loan approval committee, Microfinance Director and the Board of Directors (BoD).

Why would all these people care that Kiva loans don’t go bad and you get your money back? The short answer for ASDIR is because there is no distinction between Kiva funded loans and locally funded loans. Let me explain the reasons why in more detail for loan officers and BoD.

End of the month checks: Armando, branch manager, & Jose Santiago, loan officer, review list of delinquent borrowers before field visit.

Loan officers as part of their screening process they gather very detailed information about the prospective clients:

  • Basic Information:ID number, age, marital status, address (field verified)
  • Location and age of business or work place (also field verified)
  • Other sources of income
  • Number of children
  • Personal references – they also visit and have a short interview

All officers I’ve had a chance to talk to take pride in their work and develop & maintain relationships because they work in their own communities. Moreover, their success metrics and incentives are based on the number of new loans, client retention and repayment rates. They care about repayments because not only do they screen new borrowers but also collect payments. Most officers remind their clients when payments are coming up and when they are late branch managers and even the Microfinance director gets involved to work out a solution with the borrower. The end of the month is crunch time for repayments when officers and branch managers go visit delinquent borrowers. In my short time here I’ve noticed a big effort to reduce delinquency and default.

The MFI Board of Directors, in contrast with my previous concept of a BoD, is a very active group of local people – many of them founding members. They care about repayments because it is critical to the mission of the institution: contribute to the social and economic development of their rural communities by providing access to financial products and services. Repayments for any loan are vital to the survival of the institution, while the cost of capital is zero (not considering inflation, currency… topic for a different blog) they have to keep the lights on, pay administrative expenses and pay all their personnel’s salaries. Collecting repayments on all loans means they can reach more clients – there’s a pilot product focused on low-income women, again focusing on their mission. BoD members are also active in internal committees  and committed to keep the organization on the right track.

Who really cares about Kiva loans? From my experience and perspective, I can assure you are not alone, there are many others vested and interested that all loans including Kiva’s are repaid.

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Hay opiniones encontradas acerca de la nueva política de Kiva que ya no permite a las instituciones socias garantizar los préstamos (ver artículos de Claude Mansell y Nicky Goh). A muchos usuarios de Kiva les preocupa que al implementarse esta política los prestatarios estarán mas inclinados a dejar de pagar y que las instituciones socias le darán menor atención al cobro de estos préstamos…

Ustedes, los usuarios de Kiva, son una parte muy importante en este sistema, pero también hay otros grupos que estan involucrados en este proceso y dependen del pago íntegro de los préstamos. En mi caso, les puedo mencionar a algunos miembros de esta cadena en ASDIR: Asesores de Crédito, Jefes de Sucursal, Comité de Aprobacion de Créditos, Director de Operaciones y la Junta Directiva.

Y cómo es que todas estas personas estan realmente interesadas en que los préstamos de Kiva sean pagados y devueltos en su totalidad? En pocas palabras, en ASDIR no hay ninguna diferencia entre un préstamo recaudado por medio de Kiva y uno otorgado con fondos de la institución. Para ser más claro les explico los detalles del porque los asesores de crédito y junta directiva estan interesados en que los préstamos de Kiva sean cobrados en su totalidad.

Los asesores de crédito realizan el levantamiento de información y evaluación inicial del cliente; para ello recaban información muy detallada del cliente, por ejemplo:

  • Información básica como número de Identificación, edad, edo. civil, dirección
  • Ubicación y antigüedad del negocio o lugar de trabajo
  • Otras fuentes de ingreso
  • Número de hijos y edades
  • Referencias personales incluyendo entrevista breve

Los asesores de crédito con los que he platicado en muchos casos trabajan en sus comunidades y en varios casos conocían a sus clientes con anterioridad. En cuanto al trabajo, sus bonos y metas estan basados en el número de préstamos otorgados, retención de clientes y calidad de cartera. Además de colocar los créditos, también se encargan de la cobranza. Los asesores llaman a sus clientes para recordarles de los pagos y cuando hay clientes retrasados el jefe de sucursal y a veces hasta el director de operaciones se involucran para llegar a una solución con el cliente. A fin de mes todos estan ocupados haciendo cobros a clientes que se han retrasado. En el poco tiempo que he trabajado con ASDIR me he dado cuenta del gran esfuerzo para contener  reducir los pagos retrasados y la mora.

La junta directiva es un grupo muy activo de personas de la comunidad, muchos de ellos son también miembros fundadores de la institución. Los pagos puntuales son requisitos e indicadores de que se esta cumpliendo con la misión de la institución: contribuir al desarrollo económico de la comunidad.
Aunque el costo del capital Kiva es cero (sin contar riesgo cambiario e inflación), los pagos puntuales aseguran la sustentabilidad de la institución. Los intereses recaudados pagan salarios y otros costos administrativos. El recaudar los pagos significa que la institución podrá otorgar más créditos y continuar su misión abarcando más clientes – los bancos comunales es un producto en fase piloto que se enfoca a grupos de mujeres de bajos ingresos.
La junta directiva además tiene varios comités que estan enfocados en mantener a la institución en la dirección correcta y la misión en la mira.

A quién le interesa que se cobren los préstamos de Kiva? Desde mi punto de vista, les puedo asegurar que ustedes los usuarios de Kiva no están solos, hay muchos otros que dependen de que todos los préstamos, incluyendo los de Kiva, sean cobrados en su totalidad.

Carlos Cruz Montaño is a Kiva Fellow 10th class working with ASDIR in Nimasac, Guatemala

Entry filed under: ASDIR, Guatemala, KF10 (Kiva Fellows 10th Class). Tags: , , , , , , .

Governments in microfinance: good or bad? The Dangers of Being an MFI Loan Officer

5 Comments Add your own

  • 1. Ignorance is bliss? « Kiva Stories from the Field  |  18 April 2010 at 01:01

    [...] to this institution delinquency has been the most important problem to solve and I wrote about it (Fellowsblog 2/27). With a very determined effort, the number of delinquent loans has been going down, but at the [...]

    Reply
  • 2. Heriberto Montano  |  2 March 2010 at 02:46

    Hola Carlos:

    después de leer tus últimos comentarios y para poder entenderlos mejor, vi el film “The story of a KIVA loan”. Estoy convencido de que la prestación de créditos a personas de pocos recursos es la mejor ayuda que se le puede dar ya que por sus condiciones ellos nunca tendrían acceso al mercado financiero.

    Hace unas cuantas semanas ofrecí mis servicios a una institución similar alemana (con raíces en la iglesia católica) BANK IN BISTUM ESSEN. Lo hice después de haber visto un reportaje en la televisión acerca de sus actividades en Honduras y Guatemala. Han recibido mi curriculum, pero no sé hasta que punto tomen en cuenta mi posible ayuda.

    Reply
  • 3. L Boreland  |  28 February 2010 at 23:14

    KIVA is marvelous global works in progress,,,, Wished I had found this website much sooner; this is the exact sort of action that the world needs to make it a better more livable cohesive place.

    There have been times when I could help and times when I needed help. I sincerely hope that those who receive help will in turn help in their brighter day.
    A very big part of that immediate help that every borrowers can give is to honor their loan obligation and repay so that many others can receive the help they so badly need.

    So indeed everyone can help in the global fight against poverty, those who now need help; do help to keep this program functioning successfully by repaying your loan obligation and remember, you could need help again.

    Reply
  • 4. hawa dawda  |  28 February 2010 at 03:32

    i am a mauritanian girl have 28 years old ;
    we are a poor family and want to help me to loan me any money to starte the trade i can help my family.

    i was a student now i no do stuing because my family very tried.

    Reply
    • 5. hawa dawda  |  1 March 2010 at 02:29

      Thank you very much for your response.
      I also thank with all my heart that you give your work great in the fight against poverty and other.
      I want to know that the only thing I need at the time is to work hard effort and perseverance to achieve my goals.
      My goals is to help my family and I know for sure that my success to achieve that supported the work. I also feel sure that you are willing to help me. And I also will do whatever I can to succeed and pay off my debts to you.
      This Okadm urgent to me.

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